Scholarly Advice for Academic Mastery
A collection of insights and advice from some of the most successful university, graduate, and professional students and scholars.
Topic: Exams
Always prepare a study guide when you are studying for exams, whether you are given a formal one or not. This will help you organize your thoughts and see the larger picture that the instructor is presenting. Also, they are crucial to studying for finals because it makes all of the information easy to find.
In preparation for final exams, look through your old exams and rework the problems. At the least it is good practice, but a lot of instructors tend to reuse questions or use very similar questions from regular exams on final exams. You will kick yourself if you realize they asked the same question twice and you never made sure you answer it.
Michael Emil Wagner
Cornell University
I remember the first college test I ever took, Biology 101, I felt like I sufficiently studied the material. I studied the day before the test and memorized any terms I felt were important. Little did I know that was not nearly enough prep time for a science college exam. I receive 65 on my first exam and was devastated. I called my father right away crying telling him I was not cut out for college. He encourage me to keep trying and not give up. I decided he was probably right so I studied really hard every single day and went to the professors office every chance I could and I pulled an A out in the class. This was not the only time and incident like this happened with me. My first year in college I initially struggled with all the classes I took, but I never gave up. My advice to those who are feeling helpless and feel like they just can not pull out the grade they want, just don't give up. It happens to the best of us, you are not alone! Just learn from your mistake and decide on a way to change the final results. Now I am at Rice University working on my PhD in Chemistry, if you put your mind to it amazing things can happen.
Carissa Janice Smith
PhD, Chemistry
Rice University
When I study I go into a silent room and study by myself. Some people can study in a group of people but I find it easier to be alone and be in the quiet. When it comes time for testing I take the most important parts of the lecture and make flash cards. Listening to the professors inflection can tell you what is important and what isn't, I listen closely to everything my professor says. Making flash cards and then going over them at least 10 times is the trick for me, after the tenth time it is time to test myself. I have my partner take the cards and quiz me over the information, once I've done that I feel I'm ready for the test. However, an hour before a test I go over my flash cards one more time just to be sure.
Melinda Brown
University of Arkansas
Be honest with yourself about your study habits. It's entirely possible to convince yourself that "you study best with music on," or "you can only get work done when you're in your room," or "if you don't have friends around, you can't focus," but in the end, it is highly unlikely that those things are true. It may be relaxing to read with music on, but it isn't likely to be "more efficient." It may be comfortable to work in your room, surrounded by familiar scenery, but it probably isn't "more effective," and so on. Not only does research show that academic reading and writing is best done in a quiet, well-lit area, but most of us will admit, in the end, that these "alternative" study strategies are really about meeting other, non-academic needs. It's important to relax, to be comfortable, and to be social in college (in fact, these may be equal objectives to academic success in some regards), but it pays psychologically to be honest about which needs you're actually meeting with your study strategies. That way, when you are facing a serious academic challenge, you'll be ready to prepare in a serious and effective way.
Conor Williams
PhD, Government (Political Theory)
Georgetown University
Take some time to clear your mind before taking a test. For a long time I thought I had to "cram" as much information into my mind as I could before sitting for a test. Sometimes this would happen right up to walking into the classroom, and sometimes the very moments before the Professor actually handed out the test! It took me years to realize that this wasn't helping any. The truth was, I knew everything I was going to know hours before taking the test, provided I had prepared accordingly. Much more important for me today is taking the critical hour before test time to clear my mind and focus on more important things in life. Many times I was so situated that I could walk to class and admire the beautiful day. Also helpful is to participate in deep breathing exercises. This would calm my nerves and any anxiety that might be looming. Most importantly, always remember that a test is just a test. It is not the determinant of who you are, or what you are capable of in life. Have confidence in yourself. Intend to do well, and you will.
Michael McCormick
Masters in Rehabilitation Counseling
University of North Texas
Although it may be intimidating at first, it is definitely helpful to go to your professor's office hours before a test or whenever there is something that you don't completely understand either because it's difficult material or they didn't explain it clearly or you didn't have enough time to write down good notes in class. It has been my experience that most professors care about you and want you to understand and do well in their class, so they are very willing to take the time to answer all of your questions. In spite of their busy schedules, they set aside specific office hours for their students, so they want you to take advantage and ask them for help. It also shows them that you are genuinely interested in the class, that you care about how well you do, and that you want to learn more. I recommend that before you go to meet with your professor, you should make a list of all the questions you have so that you feel more organized and prepared, and then you won't forget any of the things that you wanted to ask while you were there. In addition, if you are concerned about a test grade or any other matter relating to the class, just go and talk about it respectfully with your professor, but don't whine or argue with them. It will make you feel more comfortable and they will appreciate your honesty and maturity.
Joann Kelly
Master of Marine Science
University of North Carolina
Studying Techniques and Habits:
I use various types of study tools. I am also a creature of habit; I have
created a designated place to study. Along with the designated place, I have
created a designated schedule at the beginning of each semester for each
class with an allotted time to work on lessons and to prepare for test. I
mark on my calendar the due dates of papers, assignments, and test
schedules. One of the most important tools I think a student can use is
acquiring information from the teaching Professor if early submission of
assignments is acceptable. When early submissions are acceptable, it will
allow you extra time to study for upcoming test or to work on term papers
that are due at the end of the semester.
I create a list of bold faced typed words out of the book I use for the
class and define each one. Another important tool is outlining
each chapter. This will allow you to read but also write the information
acquired out of the chapter. When the professor goes over the information
during the class time, you will be familiar with the topics that are spoken.
I also create a test for my self to take on the information that has been
given during class. I study the material each week to keep my self familiar
with the topics that are given during a semester.
Joyce Ann Wolfe
Master of Science in Counseling
Murray State University
Tips for taking/preparing for Exams:
•Familiarize yourself with your
exam schedule well in advance of exam time.
•Begin studying at least 2
weeks prior to each exam (This doesn’t have to be 2 hour sessions. If you
only have five minutes, use it to study). Cramming has been clinically
proven to be ineffective!
•Make flash cards for yourself.
Writing it down will help you to learn it!
•Test yourself with your flash
cards. Go back and study those that you haven’t yet mastered.
•If the professor spends a
great amount of time on a particular subject, chapter, etc., you can bet
that it will be on the exam. For example, if you cover Chapter 3 in five
minutes, but spend 2 entire classes on Chapter 11, you should know Chapter
11 front to back before your exam.
•To prepare for essay exams,
make up acronyms for your answers. That will make up the “meat” of your
essay. Example test question: What four factors affect the cost of money?
Remember "I’m Trying to Reel it In" (ITRI)
Investment opportunities
Time preferences for consumption
Risk
Inflation expectations
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Jamie Tidwell Master of Health Administration The University of Memphis |
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Study Tip for Comprehensive Exams:
One thing that I have learned
is that it takes consistency when it comes to studying for a comprehensive
exam, whether it is at the end of a course or at the end of a degree
program. A good way to start out studying for a long range exam is to find a
place that you will pass two or three times daily. A good example would be
the inside of a door to your apartment or residence hall. Other places could
be walls, mirrors, and even a refrigerator. For a consistent examples sake,
I will keep the example of using a door. You would then create note cards
and visuals of the information you would need to learn and you would place
them onto the door within your passing visual range. As you pass the door
you can take a few seconds or minutes to read over the material in your
daily routine. You can add or take away information as needed. This creates
consistent and constant reinforcement of a lot of information that needs to
be covered.
Adam J. Robertson
Master of Science in Counselor Education
Mississippi State University
Taking tests in college – what to expect
Testing is usually infrequent in college and may occur cumulatively,
covering large amounts of material. One course may only have 2-3 exams in
the semesters, or perhaps only a final exam. Sometimes the final exam is
cumulative, meaning you will have content on the exam that spans from the
entire semester’s materials. You, not the professor, need to organize the
material to prepare for exams.
The purpose of exams is to demonstrate mastery, which involves the
application of your knowledge to new situations or demonstrating the ability
to solve new problems. You will seldom find an exact repeat of material from
assignments on exams.
If you get to have a review session in class, consider yourself lucky, as
this is seldom the case in college. It is up to you to plan your own review
session. When review sessions are given, professors expect you to come
prepared with questions and be an active participant. They will not “tell
you what is on the exam word for word.” The point of a review session is to
clarify points and review ideas presented. You will usually offend a
professor if you ask, “Can you just tell us what is on the exam, or what we
need to study?” That’s your job, not theirs!! You might ask, “What would be
an example of an essay question on this topic?” That’s fair game to ask.
Keep in mind that exam formats are often a learning curve in and of
themselves, beyond the material they cover. You often need to experience the
first exam as a trial run for what to expect on the next exam. Do not be
disappointed if you do not perform as well. Most professors enjoy seeing
improvement and progress over the course of the semester just as much as
they enjoy seeing a top student’s steady performance. Remember that
good-faith efforts are nice, but overall results do matter. Use your first
exam as a “wake-up call.”
Exam grades usually make up the majority of your course grade, especially if
there are not term papers or final projects assigned. Some professors
provide mid-term grades, while others do not. If you must know your grade
during the semester, be polite and request it from your professor and know
it is subject to change. Do the math yourself to calculate grade
improvements needed. Sometimes this is what office hours can be used for.
Remember, it is more important to a professor for you to be concerned about
the material, than concerned about your grade. They need to feel that what
they do makes a difference besides just the obvious “A” or “B.”
Make up exams are seldom available, and if they are, you need to request
them in advance.
Professors do not schedule their courses with regard to your workload in
your other courses. Other demanding courses and outside activities will be
your responsibility to manage.
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Tiffany Sanford Jenson PhD, Sociology University of Oklahoma
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TESTS ARE THE HARDEST PART (but only if you aren't
prepared!)
When it comes to studying for tests, figure out how long you need to really
learn something. If you can thoroughly understand a topic or issue instead
of just temporarily memorizing it, any future related information will
become easier to learn.
For me, the process starts with note taking. My advice is write everything
down, even if doesn't seem particularly important. It's the little anecdotes
and extra information that make any topic more interesting, and thus easier
to learn. Also, personalizing notes with comments or associations will
reinforce the subject. Depending on how complicated or difficult the subject
matter is, re-typing and organizing notes within a week will help to
reinforce ideas and form a stronger base for any new lectures or reading.
Up to a week (sometimes you may only need 2 or 3
days) before a test, review all the relevant material. Make sure to
highlight or make a list of any main topics the professor has focused on, as
well as any concept you are not confident with. After 30 min to an hour,
take a break for at least 15 min. Have a snack, fold some laundry, call your
mom, or anything else to switch your mind to a different gear. When you go
back to studying, start with the information you are not 100% confident
about. I read once that when learning, you remember the beginning the best,
the end the second best, and anything in the middle is mush. Since then, I
take frequent breaks and always mix up the order when I go back to studying.
After your first review day, spend 30 min each day to reinforce the
information. If the test is for a class you are more competent in, or you
have experience with, you may only need a couple of hours the day before to
refresh less clear material. The night before or the day of the test, set
aside several hours to work out any details that are still not clear. This
is usually the point where I make flash cards for information I am unsure
about, which you can look over between classes or during lunch.
If you go into a test well prepared, you don't have to worry about test
anxiety and A's will become a habit.
Remember:
- GO TO CLASS - I know it's a drag and you will hear this a million times,
but even if your school does not have strict attendance policies going to
class pays off
- TAKE DETAILED NOTES - even if you seem to be the only one taking notes,
you won't feel silly when you make A's on every test
- STAY ORGANIZED - you don't want to miss something on a test because you
lost the notes for that day
- STAY CAUGHT UP ON READING- don't waste test-studying time catching up on
10 chapters of reading. If your reading is already done, all you have to do
is review.
- MAKE FRIENDS - with your professor as well as others in the class. Many
professors will meet with you during office hours for one-on-one catch up
time if you miss class, and if not another student who takes good notes can
really help you out.
- PAY ATTENTION - If your professor talks about it a lot, they probably
think it's important. Which means it will probably be on a test. Professors
also will sometimes say "You need to know this, it may be on a test."
While studying:
- KNOW YOUR LEARNING TIME - be aware of how much time you need with any
particular subject and set aside appropriate amounts of study time. You may
still end up pulling a few all-nighters, but after awhile this hopefully
will not be necessary.
- TAKE BREAKS - the more breaks the better! It may seem counter-intuitive,
but mixing it up really keeps your brain on top of things.
- NAIL THE DETAILS - the more thoroughly you understand the specifics, the
easier the general concepts will be to remember. Little details will help on
multiple choice and short answer sections, and can make the difference
between a B essay and an A essay.
- REPETITION - 3 hours over 3 days will pay off a lot more than 3 hours the
night before!
- GET A BUDDY - or two or three to study with. They can help with concepts
you aren't clear on, and when you explain something to someone else it
cements it in your head better than anything else. You can also fill in
unclear notes or topics from missed classes.
- FLASH CARDS - save them for really difficult details or things you have
trouble remembering.
One last piece of advice: your first test for any class will be the most
difficult because every professor and every subject have different test
styles. The first test is where you will figure out how much your professor
uses from lectures, how much from books, and how much detail you have to
know on a topic. After you know if you have to recall specific dates,
biographical information, technological history, or be able to apply
principles, studying for subsequent tests becomes much less stressful.
Amelia Clark
University of Texas
Whether you are in high school, undergraduate college, or graduate school, it is very difficult to keep all of your facts straight. We all know that "cramming" for tests does not work. Instead, try re-writing your notes after each class. This will give you an opportunity to find an organization strategy that will work for you while the information is still fresh in your mind. Also, read through your notes OUT LOUD- not to yourself- once a night. If you will do this, when it comes test time, you will have the facts that you need to pull from.
Donna Ann Scoggins
Master of Arts in Library Media Technology
Georgia State University
Test Taking (Things to remember
prior to and during an Exam):
1) It’s important that you get the best night’s sleep you have time for the
night before the exam.
2) Make sure you try to relax for at least 30 minutes before heading to take
the exam.
a. Listen to music, watch TV, sit outside with friends, anything to free
your mind and help you relax.
3) During the test read each question carefully – I know you hear this all
the time from professors but believe me they say it for a reason.
a. Many times I am so nervous that I have to re-read questions several times
to fully grasp what is actually being asked in the question.
b. Try not to read too much into a question, but feel free to ask the
professor if you are stumped; it’s worth a try asking about it.
c. I always go through the test 1 time straight through answering all
questions that I know and narrowing the rest down to the 2 best choices.
i. With the questions I am unsure about, I draw a star next to them so that
they will stand out to me when I review my exam the second time.
ii. When I review my exam the second time, I will spend more time analyzing
choices for the questions with stars next to them.
General Courses:
1) General classes do count toward your cumulative GPA – Don’t ever let
yourself forget that. Put the effort in for them that you would in any other
course.
2) If you put the effort in, then you will not only earn a better grade but
you’ll also enjoy the various subject materials you become involved in, too.
3) Do the work and participate in your general classes; you will build a
relationship with your professors and classmates from majors other than
yours.
4) Broaden your horizons and be open to learning something new.
Samantha Lynn Farris
Frostburg State University
I believe the best “scholarly advice for academic mastery” that I could
offer is what I have learned about studying for exams. Often, my university
courses are assessed solely on three cumulative exams. My psychology of
learning class taught me that spacing material while studying helps one to
memorize content and be able to access it later with greater ease. From my
own experience, this has been completely true. The best way to prepare for
an exam that will count as one-third of your grade is to study in parts.
Ideally, I try to look over my notes from lectures after each class.
Realistically, that doesn’t always happen, but I really try to at least
re-read my notes at the end of each week. This way, when the exam date
approaches, I won’t have to worry about what will be on it, because I
remember the topics from the notes that I have seen several times.
The most helpful tactic in
spacing out studying occurs in the week before the exam. First, it is really
helpful to set aside at least three periods of time to devote to studying,
as to avoid studying at the last minute. The first session, I read all of
the designated text chapters. The second session, I usually study all of my
notes thoroughly, and try to memorize and understand them completely. I also
take any available practice quizzes; usually they come as an online package
with textbooks. The last time that I study before an exam, I look over any
material that I don’t feel I can recall easily. I make sure to scan over all
the material a final time, and concentrate on the parts that are most
difficult for me. This method has really helped me to achieve success, and
it is actually a lot easier than staring at a huge pile of notes and a huge
textbook the night before! Always remember to just stay relaxed and allow
yourself lots of time… good luck studying!!!
Autumn Barthelemy
University of South Florida
I know it sounds silly, but on the day of an exam, I always dress up a bit. I read a study that said if your personal confidence is up due to your physical appearance, then you will perform better than average. So now I make sure to leave my normal school days sweat pants at home on a test day, and shine up a bit. And I tell you what, I have felt better and performed better on tests!
The day before a test, I always make flash cards on index cards. The topics can be broad or specific, but by just writing things down, these facts stick in my mind better.
| Emily Burge University of Nevada Las Vegas
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I know a lot of students who "cram" to study. Either
cramming at the last minute to study for a test, or cramming all assignments
into one day (like working all day on Saturday).
I found that I do much better in class, on tests, and comprehension if I
break it up into small sessions throughout the week. I devote so many hours
each week to each course.
If I have 4 three-credit classes, I plan on needing at least 12-15 hours of
study and homework time. It is much better to spread that out into 2-3 study
sessions a day, spread out over the week. On the weeks where I know I have
to devote more time to my studies, ie midterms and finals, I spread into
longer study sessions. This way, I avoid the brain overload that comes with
cramming.
Angela Davidson
Clarion University of Pennsylvania
When preparing for exams, I always find the following
practices beneficial:
Divide material into "reasonable" portions.
Determine how many portions will be studied per day (up to exam day).
Remain dedicated and complete the assigned portion for each day. During
daily study sessions, compile list of topics requiring additional
study/review.
During exam preparations, do not modify eating, sleeping, and/or exercising
schedules in an attempt to have more study time.
On the day before the exam, work through "additional study/review" list.
Get a good night's rest and eat a well balanced breakfast the morning of the
exam.
While waiting to take exam (e.g., outside classroom in hallway), do not
discuss what you have been studying with others. Their uncertainties will
often cause confusion and/or additional stress right before the exam.
Subrena G. Morris
MBA
University of Central Arkansas
If the exam is multiple-choice format, it can be helpful to go through the exam first and answer all of the questions you are confident about. Then go back to the beginning and work on the questions you skipped. Its usually best to go with your instinct, so try not to second guess yourself on the questions you answered confidently at the start of the exam.
| Lauren Joanne Torlone Master of Arts in Liberal Studies, International Affairs Georgetown University |
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It is always good to try and maximize on getting good grades for the initial
tests and assignments, as courses tend to increase in difficulty as the
semester progresses. Also, try and maximize your scores on the assignments
in which you are permitted to use all the resources at your disposal,
regardless of their weighting. Examples of these are homework assignments,
projects and most take home tests. The assignments may take a significant
amount of time, but there is the potential to get better scores on them than
an in-class test that is based on complete recollection of the subject
material; every score counts towards the final grade.
| Omar Thomas Civil Engineering Florida State University
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Fourteen Points on How to Survive an Exam
1. Have an ice cream, chips, or some other indulgent snack beforehand. When
I was young, I read a study which explained that having a small (200 calorie
or less) snack that is fairly high in sugar/fat about a half hour before you
begin writing can actually help your performance on a test.
2. Bring water. (Just don't drink it all in the first five minutes, or else
the last half hour will be difficult to get through!)
3. Take a walk beforehand, and show up a bit early. Knowing and feeling
comfortable in the room you are sitting in for 2+ hours will help you to do
better.
4. Stop studying at least an hour before the test begins.
5. Eat breakfast. I sound like everyone's mother, but it really helps your
concentration.
6. If you have time, try to work out a bit before the exam. It doesn't need
to be long - even 15-20 minutes is good. It will just help you get through
2+ hours of sitting still. It also raises endorphins/adrenaline, which will
help you to focus and think better.
7. Don't let yourself get stressed out by other people. If you know it will
be helpful to you, it is ok to avoid friends in the same class before the
exam. The key is that you are comfortable and feel ready.
8. Chew gum. A lot of people have told me that chewing gum helps keep up the
oxygen flow to your brain which in turn helps you to think better.
9. Breathe.
10. Ask questions if you don't understand something on the test.
11. Before you begin, write down any formulas/important notes that are in
your mind. Next, skim through the test so you know what to expect. Reading
ahead also give you the chance to subconsciously think about what you will
have to write about later in the test (and those tend to be the big point
questions....)
12. Bring an extra pen. Either you'll need it, or the nervous freshman two
seats to your left will need it.
13. Ask for extra paper BEFORE you need it so that you don't have to stop
and wait for it while you are in the middle of a train of thought. (I
usually ask for more paper when I'm within a page of running out and I just
finish a paragraph).
14. Know how your grade on the exam will affect your overall grade. It's
often a lot less than you would think, which can be good.
Alexandra Landegger
Georgetown University
Find additional materials to help study for standardized exams; such as Teacher Licensure Exams, Ask fellow students and professors that have passed these exams what additional materials they would recommend. Word-of-Mouth tips and ideas from others that have passed the exam proved to be the most helpful. Purchasing my own copy allowed me to write in the margins, borrowing materials from classmates or the library took a small strain from my wallet, in the end borrow vs. purchase decisions should be based on what will help the most in the long run.
A personal recommendation for the Foundation of Reading MTEL (Massachusetts Teacher Test) is: Beating Them All! By Chris Nicholas Boosalis. The content covers the multiple choice test, the essay portion over-prepared me for the exam essays. The essay practice on the MTEL-site prepared me for the exact format the exam used. I was able to pass the exam on the first attempt using these resources.
On another note passing the exam does not take the place of a reading pedagogy class; when molding children into fluent readers a teacher needs skills that cannot be obtained from passing a state standardized exam.
Christina J. Thomas
University of Massachusetts
Things to do before the Actual Test:
ASK - What material is covered on the test?
What type of test it will be (multiple choice, true/false, short answer,
essay)?
How will it be graded?
STUDY - In a place that is free of distraction.
At a time when you are not sleepy or hungry.
In short intervals. The last second cram session doesn't work.
The same material more than once to keep it fresh in your mind. Go over key
points aloud.
TAKE - Pretests administered by yourself, close friends, or family.
Time to plan study sessions on a calendar or data base.
MAKE - An outline of key items and points with definitions.
Flash cards to review consistently.
Plenty of time throughout the week to study.
IF - The teacher provides a study guide or study test, use it!
You are having problems, ask the teacher for help.
Janice Bragunier
Masters, Special Education
Shippensburg University
10 Test Taking Tips:
1. Never assume! Always read the instructions carefully. If you are unsure
ask the teacher.
2. Read through the entire test before starting, so that you may pace
yourself.
3. Answer the easiest questions and then work from the highest point value
to the lowest point value.
4. Never stop on one question because there may be a part later in the test
that may help you.
5. Be sure to write down everything when doing open ended questions.
6. Guessing is always bad...but if you have to guess, then eliminate some of
the answers first, and then follow your gut feeling.
7. On essays, plan first, draw out some of the important facts that you want
to make.
8. Be sure to take your time while writing. If your teacher can't read it,
you lose points.
9. Don't do extra things that won't get you credit, like writing the test
questions over again in your answer.
10. If your finish early, then use the time to look over your answers for
any "dumb mistakes" like forgetting a decimal point or punctuation.
Janice Bragunier
Masters, Special Education
Shippensburg University
I find it helpful when studying for an exam to always make a study guide. Not only will you be highlighting the big ideas and concepts, you are also more likely to remember material that you have written. It is also beneficial to write the study guide as you complete chapters. This way you are saving time from having to sift through notes and the textbook before the exam. You are also giving yourself an opportunity to really master the material before you are assessed.
Kathryn Wood Almond
Master of Education in Special Education
University of North Carolina
Exams
I spend two days before an exam extensively studying. I do not listen to
other student’s fears or advice outside the classroom before an exam. I
trust my intuition and focus entirely on my own work.
Marcia Joyce Henning
Masters, Natural Resource Management
New Mexico Highlands University
Exams are one of the most major aspects of a class, and contribute the largest percentage towards a student's grade. With only a few exams offered for each class, it can be stressful to imagine how much of your final grade rests upon this one test. You must go into the exam prepared. One way of doing this is having good attendance in class, as well as good class participation and paying attention / taking notes in class. To reinforce this information, many professors offer outside sources such as online resources and text book reading to further explain what they cannot cover in class. When an exam is announced, a professor will assign office hours, a time when you can come in and speak with them to ask a specific question you may not have time for during class lecture. I recommend visiting these office hours and asking the professor questions on some concerns or issues you may have, which he/she can offer clarification on, and help you understand it. Professors also have a review session in class which covers the main topics on a test, and sometimes hand out a practice exam in a similar format to the real exam. It is very helpful to take this and then use the provided answer key to gauge your process, and reflect on topics you may need to invest additional time on. When it is finally time to take the exam, take a deep breath and relax, you've studied and are prepared to take the exam. Read through the exam cover to cover before you begin to take it so you are familiarized with the questions before you are required to answer them, and then give it your best shot.
Maxwell L. Kasak
Cornell University
Perhaps the most important tip I can give is one that benefited me the most. It pertains to all class assignments as well as test questions. I have witnessed even graduate students falling prey to "not answering the question." But I learned (and was repeatedly advised by a patient professor), to read each assignment carefully until I knew specifically what the questions were. From there I researched the answers and even wrote an outline if helpful. I'm not saying one can't expand upon ideas or elements, but they first have to be identified as the direct answers to the specific questions. For instance, take this essay question: Identify which state standards pertain to student achievement and state how they impact student achievement. I've seen students answer about how important the standards are, how often they are used in practice, etc., but they did not cite the specific numbered standards nor provide evidence why they were chosen. It is very easy and human to read subjectively and to write about what is important to us, but that is not always what assignments are about. I read assignments with one question in mind, "what specifically is being asked of me here?" Sometimes I will even read papers and books with the theme of an assignment or question in mind. Grant-writing will also hone these skills as the intention for such writing needs to be specific and evidential.
Pam McIntosh
Masters, Educational Leadership
Eastern Michigan University
Preparing for an Exam
When you come to class to take an exam, you need to be prepared. Therefore,
here are some tips with helping you prepare for an exam.
Studying for an Exam
The goal of studying is learning, understanding, and knowing the materials.
Do not just remember the materials, you need to learn it. Research shows
that learning takes place most effectively when information is processed in
small chunks spread out overtime.
1. Before you study for an exam take a few minutes daily to stand on your
toes and stretch. Make sure you take a deep breath and relax.
2. After you eat a meal rest for 5-10 minutes.
3. Do ALL of your homework before the next class. Go over all homework
assignments, quizzes and notes
4. Use study cards, recite the information, write and rewrite information,
and practice
5. Review your notes each night at least 15 minutes or longer. This is a
critical part of the learning process. Do not study longer than 40 minutes
periods. Take breaks
6. Make sure you see and hear in your mind what you are studying. Try to
role play in your mind
7. Read current topics, mark, or jot down important points. Understand what
you write down.
8. Do homework exercise. Create make up test and check your answers
9. When you fully understand the topic, write a summary of it
10. Teach the materials to a friend or family member. Teaching helps you
learn the materials.
11. Form note-sharing groups. If you are anything like me you will need help
studying from your peers. So create a study group.
12. Get a Good Night’s sleep before the exam
13. Organize the course material as you study.
14. Do not leave your studying to the last minute
Taking the exam
1. Read instructions carefully, mark the compulsory questions
2. Divide time between questions – try to allow 10 minutes at the end to
proofread
3. Read through in-class exams before starting them
4. Budget your time on exams
5. If you become frustrated, take a deep breath and regroup
6. Do the easy questions or problems first, and then make sure to answer the
ones you do not know even if you have to guess.
7. Write legibly, do not criticize, use appropriate grammar
8. If you finish early do not hand it in yet – review your answers
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Brooke Alston Jennings Master of Science in Social Work Radford University
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In order to deal with any butterflies in my stomach before an exam, I found that little rituals helped alleviate my tensions. For instance, before a big exam, I would always brush my teeth, wear a "lucky" pair of jeans, and always use the same "lucky" pencil for each test. Did these activities have a direct physical effect on my ability to take the test? Of course not, but the psychological effects relaxed me enough to think more clearly on the test. While not essential, students should consider finding their own pretest rituals to help alleviate any test-time anxiety.
Exam week can easily be the most difficult week of the semester, but its stress can be mitigated with some careful planning. First of all, some teachers may allow for exam exemption if a student's grades are high enough. Working hard all semester will pay off greatly if the final exam can be avoided entirely. Also, some professors will offer the students the option of writing a paper as a substitute for an exam. If the paper can be written well before exam week, this would be a better option because it would remove the class's workload from exam week, freeing up more time for other classes. If the exam cannot be avoided or rescheduled (which they usually cannot), begin studying for the final exams as soon as practically possible. Studying two to three weeks before final exams is not unheard of, so long as the studying doesn't come at the expense of regular work due (homework, quizzes, projects). Go to all review sessions, form study groups, grab some coffee and get to studying. Be sure to take time out for naps, cleaning, exercise, or anything else that will allow your brain to rest between study sessions. Get plenty of sleep the night before, and tell yourself that it'll all be over in less than a week.
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Jeffrey Gibson Master of Science in Electrical Engineering University of West Florida
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In order to effectively study for exams, extrapolate all of your
highlighted material and notes, and record the information into smaller
chunks, on index cards. The simple exercise of writing the notes again will
help to reinforce material. Use a plastic box to file the cards in and
separate the subjects with tabs that you create for that purpose.
Next, enlist the help of a study buddy. The ideal person will be a
classmate, so that the two of you can go over notes and glean as much as you
can in a collective effort. If that is not possible, a friend or a family
member, willing to quiz you will do – just so that you have the auditory
experience.
For cumulative final exams, be sure to ask your professor if he or she is
willing to give you any tips on what to focus on. Oftentimes, they are happy
to do so , and if there is an area you are weak in, it gives you a heads up
to ask questions beforehand. Then, add to your card set by referring to all
saved quizzes and test. Add any questions and answers that you might not
have had in your own notes, to the collection. Next, clip all of the cards
together with a hook or even a metal shower curtain ring. Your entire base
of material is in a compact and organized place for your convenience. Refer
to the cards as often as possible.
On the day of the exam, make sure all of your physical needs are met (start
out with a good breakfast and stay hydrated) and arrive an hour early. If
possible, arrange to meet with classmates, using your cards for a final
quiz. If not, visit a quiet place on campus and go over only the cards you
found most difficult first. Next, take a break and go over all the cards.
You’re sure to ace the exam!
Laurel Rancitelli
University of Massachusetts
Test Taking
1. Read the directions carefully. This was something I learned the hard way.
Know what they are looking for and ask for clarification on anything that is
not crystal clear.
2. Look over the entire test very carefully and break things down into
manageable parts.
3. Figure out how much time you want to spend on different
questions/sections. Try to spend more time on questions that are weighted
more heavily.
4. Answer the easiest questions first and do not waste time on those you
don't know the answers to right away.
5. Review the test for accuracy and completeness.
Karen Leary
Master of Science in Nursing
West Chester University
In regards to self-preparation and help in reviewing for exams I would
like to make a few suggestions:
1. Not only read through the material, but REWRITE your notes, terms,
definitions, anything related to what you have covered. Writing out the
information seems to label it in your brain for the long-term.
2. Ask questions, not only from the professor, but the students as well.
There is never a silly question no matter how strange it may seem to
you--knowledge is power!
3. Note cards are an excellent study tool; like I mentioned before it allows
you to rewrite the material & it is a great way to study with fellow
classmates or friends.
4. One last secret that I am hesitant to disclose, but it is an excellent
way to know what to expect for the future, talk with previous students that
have already completed the course! They not only can give you tips on what
to expect, but what the professor expects of you.
I hope these ideas can help in the success of your college career!!
Natalie Kay Webb
McKendree University
Students generally have something called "Exam
Fear". When they think
of an exam they get tense. These things are normal. Nothing
wrong in it, but this is what can be tackled over
time with good study practices.
1. Be very systematic in your approach towards studies.
2. Attending all the lectures with good concentration and making proper
notes of the important points about which the professor touches upon in
class.
3. All notes should be well maintained with proper dates for the particular
class.
4. Work on all the homework and assignments given by the professor either
independently or in a group but your involvement should be sincere.
5. From my own experience, I can conclude that if a student does all his/her
homework sincerely, then at the time of exams the student won't worry about
anything. This is because, the homework cover all types of questions.
Similar questions will come in exam. A little bit twist here and there but
major will be of the type of the homework.
So if a student does all the homework sincerely, then just one day before
the exams if the student just browses through the notes which he/she had
prepared and takes a good look at all the homework, the student is bound to
do well in that exam with no fear.
Also, getting last years question paper is also very useful. All the
homework and also the last years question papers will make it sure that the
student excels in the exam.
So if a student follows these study practices, the fear and anxiety of exams
will surely go down.
Good Luck!!!
Nitin Kashimpuria
Masters in Financial Engineering
University of Michigan
Coping with examination stress
Many of you may have experienced dreaded exam tension the day before an exam
- when you just can't focus however hard you try, and keep looking through
the same paragraph several times without comprehending a word! You can't
afford to take a long break from studying because time is very precious at
this point. So, here is a simple way to calm your nerves down and bring back
the lost concentration in just 5 minutes.
Close your eyes, then rub your palms together and place them over your eyes
for a minute. This relaxes your eyes, and prevents headaches and red eyes.
Next, still keeping your eyes closed, take 15 to 20 deep, slow breaths and
feel your heart rate slowing down. Repeat for some more time if necessary.
The entire exercise hardly takes 5 minutes and once you are done, splash
some cold water down your face and feel the difference. Now, when you start
studying once again, you are back on track!
This exercise can be followed once every 2 hours or whenever you feel your
concentration is wavering. Also, along with this, do stretch your legs and
take a short walk around the room so that your legs don't start feeling numb
due to insufficient blood circulation. Good luck!
| Ahalya Srikanth Master of Science in Electrical Engineering Clemson University
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In the vast majority of college classes, your final grade will mostly
depend on your performance on exams. This performance will depend mostly on
the effectiveness of your studying, at least out of the things over which
you have control. Therefore, the best way to help your grade is to improve
your studying. Now, every student is different; they learn in different
ways, have different interests and abilities, have different time
constraints and stresses, etc. Because of this, I do not believe in
surface-level advice about studying that advises spreading out your
studying, or listening to classical music, or getting enough sleep. Since
you are different than the next person, only you can decide how best to
learn. As you have probably already deduced, this advice is not going to
give you some surefire trick to boost your grade. Instead, here are some
practical ways to help you prepare for a test.
The main premise is to try different things in your studying, and actively
evaluate your own performance on different tests. Do some studying in the
library where it is quiet and you can focus, but also study in your dorm
room or apartment with the radio or TV on in the background. Try cramming
for tests the night before, and try spreading your studying over a week or
two. Try doing whatever you can to relax, but also avoid relaxation, and see
how you respond to stress. Focus on practice tests and problems, or focus
strictly on reading the material. If you try different studying techniques
like these over the course of several tests, you will be able to evaluate
the effectiveness of your own studying. Most students will find some type of
pattern that fits their own style of learning and help them perform to the
best of their ability.
No matter what type of studying you do, though, you must always put in 100%
effort if you expect to succeed on a difficult test. There are no shortcuts,
and if you put in the required work, chances are you will succeed.
Alexander Latzka
Cornell University
One of the major strategies I used throughout college to prepare for tests was taking notes on my notes. What I mean by taking notes on my notes is that before a test I would go back through my notes and create and outline which included the major topics and the most pertinent details. Not only was writing or typing the information down again helpful in remembering it, but this technique also slowed me down when I was studying. It forced me to really focus on each point and to make sure I understood the point. If I tried to review my notes without creating an outline I found I tended to gloss over important points and assume I understood them. Creating an outlined slowed me down just enough that I would take a second look at unclear material or a new question would pop into my head that I would note for the review session.
Rachel Beck
University of Virginia
When an exam is coming up, make sure you've got these things
covered:
1. You have slept for at least 8 hours the previous night. And if you took a
nap the day of, even better!
2. Drink lots of water and eat a hearty meal...but not too hearty! A
too-full stomach too close to the exam makes you sleepy.
3. Go to the bathroom right before the exam starts. Trust me, it saves a lot
of agony and time.
4. Don't cram within a couple of hours of the exam. In fact, I make it a
rule to never study on the same day as the exam, because it just makes me
nervous and overly stuffed with information. Of course, this requires that
you study BEFORE the day of the exam.
5. Make sure you know where and when the exam is, and whether you need to
bring anything or will be forbidden to bring anything. I know people who
left their rooms 15 minutes prior to the exam as usual and then realized
that the exam hall was on the other side of our plantation-sized campus. No
need to add unnecessary stress like that!
6. Breathe.
| Qi (Jade) Wu Cornell University |
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Reasoning out answers:
Read the question carefully. If it is a long question, break it into parts.
Ask yourself how this question relates to what you have been studying. If
you cannot recall the information from your readings, think about whether it
was in your class notes or in a class discussion. Questions will not always
come from the text. Also, ask yourself if the question could be rephrased in
a way that doesn't change it but makes it easier to understand.
Clues:
Look for clues within other parts of the test to help you answer a difficult
question. For example, you may be given a short answer or essay question.
You may be able to find related questions in a multiple choice section or a
true/false question that may contain some information you need to help you
answer the short answer question.
Guessing:
There will probably be times when you cannot come up with an answer. If your
test is being scored on the number of correct responses, you will have
nothing to lose by guessing. Even with essay questions, writing something is
likely to be scored better than writing nothing.
Checking Answers:
When taking a multiple choice test, your first answer is usually the correct
one. Only change your answer if you are sure it is wrong. The more you
second guess yourself, the more you will change. Trust your first thoughts.
Be sure to check that you have marked an answer for each question. If
transferring to an answer sheet, make sure you have marked your answers on
the correct item numbers.
Essay Questions:
Read the question carefully to gain an understanding of what is is asking.
Key words to look for: explain, state, summarize, outline, compare,
illustrate
Explain: tell about
State: briefly explain ideas but don't go into as much detail
Summarize: bring together main points without going into much detail
Outline: outline form to show relationship of broad topics w/out much detail
Compare: Show similarities and possibly contrasts as well
Illustrate: Give the best example you can think of (illustrate deals
w/examples) Do not discuss or define.
Anxiety:
If you are well prepared, anxiety will take a back seat to confidence. Be
realistic about you expectations of performance on any given test. If the
topic is a very difficult one for you, realize this may not be a typical
test experience for you. Your expectations are (after preparation) based on
what you believe is possible for you to accomplish. Gradually set your
expectations higher and higher and your scores will gradually become better
and better.
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Karen Stephenson Masters, Instructional Leadership Tennessee Technological University |
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Test Taking 101
Does the mere thought of taking a test make you upset to your stomach? You are not alone. I used to suffer from test anxiety, that is, until I mastered the art of taking a test. By implementing a few basic strategies, I believe you can dramatically improve your test scores as well as your attitude.
1. Realize that this test is not that big of a deal. There
will be more tests; it’s not the end of the world. Most really important
tests give you the opportunity to retest in the event that you fail (i.e.
the board exam for attorneys and physicians, the national registry of
paramedics, etc.).
2. Study. There is no substitute for hard work. Usually, nerves associated
with test taking are directly related to not knowing the material. Set up a
study schedule beforehand and stick with it. When you fall behind in
studying, you begin to feel overwhelmed by the material.
3. For the most part, I recommend not studying for the 24 hours before the
test. If you don’t know it the day before the test, you won’t know it for
the test.
4. Know the particulars of the test: where it is being held, what type of
test it is (i.e. multiple choice, essay, etc.), and what you are required to
bring. By answering these and other questions in advance, you reduce the
amount of stress and limit surprises on the day of the test.
5. Get a good night’s sleep (at least eight hours).
6. Eat a good breakfast.
7. Arrive at the test site early. Don’t add unnecessary stress by failing to
allow enough time to get there and get settled.
8. Bring water and a few snickers bars with you to a long test. Most
universities and testing agencies allow you to have food and beverages while
taking a test. Snickers bars are good because peanuts give you protein and
sugar helps keep your mind alert.
9. Pace yourself during the test. Be aware of your time. Don’t rush, but
don’t spend too much time on one question.
10. Take frequent breaks. When taking a break, leave to use the restroom if
allowed. Splash a little water on your face and stretch your legs. This will
help you stay fresh.
When you finish the test, go back and remind yourself of Tip #1.
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Carissa K. Goodlet Master of Educational Administration Youngstown State University
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In this age of computerized exams, I have found it useful to study up on my materials and then put my notes away and sit in front of a computer screen with a blank Word document in front of me. From there, I proceed "Blue Book" style by giving myself topics or categories that will be on the exam and typing everything I know regarding those subjects. This is a great way to get into the habit of typing what you know, as well as overcoming any anxieties regarding staring into a blank computer screen and being expected to produce something intelligent. Practically speaking, it is a lot easier to organize thoughts, ideas, dates, names and other information on computers, and when you are finished, you have a nice legible study guide.
| Laura Bateman PhD., Voice Performance University of Northern Colorado
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How to Study for an Exam Given Timing Concerns: Uh-oh, Do I Have Enough
Time to Prepare?
People study differently and some put in more hours than others. If you are
one of those people who can cram 3hours before an exam or have a
photographic memory, I've always been jealous of you. I have learned that it
is not necessarily the number of hours you clock studying, but how
effectively you can do so with the amount of time you have. Maybe those
people who cram and still do well know how to utilize their resources to
their best advantage or perhaps have an excellent short-term memory.
However, you should not wait until the last minute to prepare for an exam
because those who do so might miss certain intricacies and details that test
makers create to stump the procrastinators. Also, when you wait until near
the end, you don't have time to ask questions about things you are unclear
of. The important thing is to prepare efficiently: make yourself a time
schedule of what you would like to accomplish and leave room to work with
others and time to see professors, go to office hours, or meet with tutors.
I wish I had followed the aforementioned advice more strictly.
This year I took Organic Chemistry for premeds and so did several of my
friends. This is not a subject you can just wing. My friend, (lets call her
Sara), and I probably studied the same amount of time more or less (with her
probably more hours than me) and we did study together. Sara had a tutor
(provided and paid for by her college, which my college does not have) who
she could go over important material or have mechanisms and etc explained.
Studying with Kate was beneficial because she could relay that information
to me and also it was good to gauge your studying and what you have learned
with your peers. Also, teaching each other helps because you learn best by
teaching and it helps you focus on important concepts.
The difficulty with Organic Chemistry is that there is so much material and
there are so many resources to study from that even if you studied all the
time and had no social life, you still may not know everything and be as
ready for the exam. The timeline for this anecdote spans usually one to two
weeks before the exam (given that those who did really well in this subject
practiced throughout the semester), given we both have other
responsibilities and Extracurriculars other than this one subject. Sara and
I both read all the chapters in our books, did all the practice problem sets
and practice exams, each made our own type of "reactions and other things to
remember/memorize" flashcards, but differed in the amount of time we spent
on certain things and that Sara did not actively set a time schedule for
herself. I set my goals earlier before studying with a timeline of what to
complete when, and I squeezed in time to go to review sessions and office
hours sometimes (professors and teaching assistants might point out useful
information/commonly made mistakes and little tricks which are very helpful
and give those students who went an added advantage). Keeping in mind, I
could have started preparing earlier (or practices doing all along the
semester) and I barely fit all this in and could have done so more properly.
I'll admit, Sara was more dedicated than I was in that she sought to truly
understand the material and go in-depth about what she was learning, and I
admire that. However, keeping in mind that neither of us are Chemistry
majors and the COUNTDOWN time we have to the exam, effectiveness and working
smart (instead of necessarily working hard) was critical! Sara's need for
in-depth and honest understanding was what took her more time to study -also
that she would spend more time being stressed out about the impending exam
and losing time to sleep in doing all that- than myself. My approach was to
get a general knowledge of all the material (guestimating the percentage of
questions on such and such topics so I would focus more on one than the
other) and then think of what the professor wanted us to get out of
this/would most likely question on/patterns and drill it into my head. If we
both had started studying earlier for the exam or had been preparing all
along the semester then Sara would definitely be top percentage of the
grading curve and have less worries, but given the crunch she was not able
to fit studying everything in and when the final exam had a majority of
questions on a topic (synthesis, which I guestimated would be weighted
pretty heavily on the exam and spent a lot of time practicing- I got lucky)
which she did not get a chance to go over and practice as much, and she was
kicking herself afterwards for not getting to. She was also kicking herself
and panicking the hours right before the exam, which is not a good mindset
to have when going in to the exam because you end up freezing and having
difficulties remembering what you have learned because you're clouded with
pessimistic stress.
We should have been practicing throughout the semester, but we're only human
and things come up and it is hard to balance college life (both studying for
other subjects, working, dealing with summer internship
applications/interviews, being leaders in campus organizations, and doing
volunteer hours). But if given the time, Kate's approach is the one to be
personified if you truly want to comprehend and get the most out of learning
whatever subject. But with less time than ideal, PREPARE as efficiently as
you can with the time you have: know the amount time you can allot to
studying/focusing, set goals and timeline, get feedback/advice from others
(they might sum up what they've learned for you making it more time
efficient for you), understand the types of questions/topics you'll get and
how much each is weighted on the exam in order to focus your studies. Oh,
and most importantly, REMAIN CALM in the time preparing before the exam and
during-keep your cool and clear your mind, don't allow yourself to freeze or
give up; have hope, brilliance might strike you otherwise use your
logic/common sense (which seems to falter when people are in a frenzied,
desperate state). Final note, don't forget to get a proper amount of SLEEP,
it is just as important as being awake and studying itself. GOOD LUCK!
Anna Ng
Human Biology, Health, and Society
Cornell University
I've found the most useful exam and standardized test preparation tool is practice, practice, practice. You can master the material via work in the classroom or memorization techniques, but once the exam begins, dealing with the time pressure can be the biggest obstacle. Nothing can replicate the time constraints of an exam or standardized test like a simulation. Eliminate all distractions, set a timer and work through a practice test. If no practice exams are available, create your own. Pull questions from a textbook, supplement or review sheet that mirror the exam format. Set aside the amount of time you will have to complete the exam and work through the problems.
Amy Krilla
Master of Science in Social Work
Florida State University
My advice for studying for tests is to truly find the best method of review that works for you. Every student is different in terms of how he or she will review (or cram) for an upcoming test. Some students (like myself) have methods of studying for a test that have been very useful and have produced positive results.
My first suggestion for studying for a test is NOT TO CRAM. If you know the material outright, then reviewing the night before the test might be plausible. An ideal scenario is to "stay fresh" on course material as you move through the period of time devoted to that particular section of course material; in doing this, you don't have to try to learn a lot of information at the last minute. If an instructor is kind enough to give you a study guide for an upcoming test, I suggest typing (or writing out) both the study guide and the answers to help reinforce your current knowledge base.
You can also use the tried-and-true acronym method that I explained in a previous submission on memorization. This method is conducive for retaining "chunks" of information that can be grouped together in "words." This method of studying has been the most entertaining for me, as I have derived some really funny words in the past!
Another method of studying for a test that can help some students (but diminish other students' ability to study) is using a study buddy or study group. The study buddy method involves a fellow classmate, or a group of classmates, that can congregate to review for a test; each student brings his or her review materials to the session and contributes to the group as a whole. This study method can be effective unless the group session becomes distracting and actual studying doesn't take place.
I have found that the more hands-on you can make the studying process, the better your retention will be of test material. It is difficult (and boring, at times) to focus on a stack of notes and not feel involved in the material that you are reviewing. If you use one of the above study suggestions in your study sessions, I can't guarantee you an A+ on your test. I can, however, guarantee you that you might actually enjoy (yes, enjoy) preparing for a test!
Jonathan Todd Wigle
East Tennessee State University